Vagina

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The vagina is an elastic muscular canal that plays a key role in the human reproductive system. The term “vagina” is often mistakenly used to refer to all anatomical structures associated with the reproductive system of individuals assigned female sex at birth (AFAB). However, the vagina is actually just one of the important organs that support sexual and reproductive health.

This organ is part of both the internal reproductive system and the external genitalia, known as the vulva. Essentially, the vagina contributes to sexual pleasure, is involved in the process of conception, and plays an indispensable role in childbirth; it is an integral part of a complex anatomical system that supports the functions associated with procreation and intimacy.

Internal layers of the vaginal wall

• The mucosa is composed of epithelium, whose cell layers produce glycogen. This glycogen is processed by beneficial bacteria (mainly lactobacilli) into lactic acid, which maintains a protective acidic environment.
• The muscular layer includes smooth muscle fibers that provide compression and stretching; which allows the pussy to adapt to intercourse, tampon insertion, childbirth, or medical procedures.
• The connective tissue layer provides elasticity and strength and contains blood and lymphatic vessels; which allows the vagina to recover from injury or stretching.

On average, the length of the vagina is 7-10 cm, but during arousal or childbirth, its size increases. This is because the walls of the pussy have a folded structure, which allows the organ to stretch when necessary and then return to its original shape.

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Physiology and function

Self-cleaning

One of the unique features of the vagina is its ability to self-clean; as the secretion produced by the cells of the mucosa removes bacteria, dead cells, and other impurities. This eliminates the need for sprays, which can disrupt the natural microflora.

Sexual Function

The pussy is actively involved in sexual intercourse. During arousal, blood flow to its walls increases, which causes the tissues to swell and stimulates the production of natural lubrication; reducing  friction and making intercourse comfortable. The sensitivity of the pussy is concentrated in its outer part, especially in the vaginal area, while the inner part is less sensitive to tactile stimuli.

Reproductive function

The vagina is part of the pathway by which sperm travel to the uterus and fallopian tubes, and it also acts as a birth canal during childbirth. In this sense, during labor, it is able to stretch to a considerable size without being damaged due to the elasticity of the tissue.

Discharge of menstrual blood

Every month, the pussy allows the outflow of menstrual discharge. This is an important function for maintaining a healthy reproductive system.

Microflora and immunity

The vagina contains a natural microflora consisting mainly of lactobacilli. These microorganisms convert glycogen into lactic acid, maintaining an acidic environment with a pH of 3.8-4.5. This environment prevents the development of harmful bacteria and fungi, protecting the organ from infections.

Influence of age and hormones

1. Puberty: With the onset of puberty, estrogen levels increase, which stimulates the development of the pussy and the formation of its microflora. During this period, the mucosa becomes thicker, the amount of glycogen increases, and the microflora becomes stable.
2. Pregnancy: During pregnancy, the blood supply to the vagina increases, its walls become more elastic, which prepares the organ for childbirth. The secretion also increases, which is due to hormonal changes.
3. Menopause: With the onset of menopause, estrogen levels decrease, which can lead to thinning of the mucous membrane and decreased production of lubrication. This condition, known as atrophic vaginitis, can cause discomfort and dryness, especially during intercourse.

Diseases and their prevention

• Candidiasis: A fungal infection caused by yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida. It is manifested by itching, burning, and white curdy discharge. It occurs when the microflora is disturbed, for example, after taking antibiotics or due to decreased immunity.
• Bacterial vaginosis: This condition is associated with an imbalance of microflora, in which the number of lactobacilli decreases, and opportunistic bacteria begin to dominate. Characteristic symptoms include grayish-white discharge with an unpleasant odor.
• STDS: Sexually transmitted diseases such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis can affect the vagina. They are often accompanied by changes in discharge, discomfort, and inflammation.
• Atrophic vaginitis: A problem associated with age-related changes; manifested by dryness, itching, painful sensations. It is often treated with hormone therapy.

Care and hygiene

Hygiene procedures should be gentle and aimed at maintaining the natural state of the vagina; therefore, daily washing with warm water using special intimate hygiene products without aggressive additives is the optimal approach. It is not recommended to use soaps or flavored gels, which can change the pH.

Menstrual hygiene requires regular changes of tampons, pads or menstrual cups. It is also important to choose underwear made of natural fabrics such as cotton to avoid skin irritation.

Influence of diet and lifestyle

Nutrition and lifestyle play an important role in maintaining vaginal health as they directly affect hormones, microflora and overall tissue health. A diet rich in probiotics such as yogurt, kefir and other fermented foods helps maintain beneficial lactobacilli that protect the vagina from infections and maintain its naturally acidic pH. Additionally, drinking enough water helps keep the mucous membranes hydrated, and antioxidants found in fruits and vegetables boost the immune system and promote tissue regeneration.

At the same time, excess sugar in the diet can provoke the growth of fungi of the genus Candida, which causes candidiasis; while fatty and refined foods can disrupt the balance of hormones, which also affects the health of the reproductive system. Finally, alcohol and smoking impair blood circulation, reducing oxygenation of tissues, which makes them more vulnerable to infections.

An active lifestyle that includes regular exercise, especially those that strengthen the pelvic floor muscles, such as the Kegel method, helps improve blood circulation and keep the vaginal muscles toned. However, too tight clothing, especially synthetic underwear, can create a breeding ground for bacteria due to increased moisture and lack of ventilation. Moderate physical activity, a balanced diet and avoidance of bad habits help to keep the pussy healthy and protected from unfavorable factors.

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